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Related Concept Videos

Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines01:18

Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines

A streamline represents the trajectory that is always tangent to the fluid's velocity vector at any given point. The velocity of a fluid particle is always directed along the streamline, ensuring the particle continuously follows the streamline's path. Streamlines are particularly useful for visualizing the overall direction of flow in a fluid system, and they provide an instantaneous representation of the flow's velocity field. In steady flow, where conditions do not change over time,...
Introduction to Types of Flows01:23

Introduction to Types of Flows

Fluid flows are categorized by dimensionality and behavior, with one-dimensional flow being the simplest form, where properties like velocity and pressure change only along a single axis. Water moving through straight pipes exemplifies this flow type, as variations in other directions are minimal. One-dimensional analysis helps simplify understanding such flows, focusing solely on changes along the pipe's length.
Two-dimensional flow involves changes in both length and height, as seen in air...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes01:25

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired volumetric...

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Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
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Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

Emerging trends in CV flow visualization.

Partho P Sengupta1, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Philip J Kilner

  • 1Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. Partho.Sengupta@mountsinai.org

JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging
|March 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding blood flow patterns in the heart is crucial for cardiovascular health. This review explores methods for visualizing complex, multidirectional blood flow, aiding in diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular fluid mechanics
  • Cardiac imaging
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Blood flow patterns are integral to cardiovascular system morphology and function.
  • Cardiovascular adaptability maintains circulation across varying workloads.
  • Visualizing cardiac flow velocity fields presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current blood flow visualization techniques for the cardiovascular system.
  • To emphasize acquisition, display, and analysis of multidirectional flow.
  • To outline cardiac fluid mechanics and vortical structures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.
  • Review of ultrasound Doppler techniques.
  • Review of contrast particle imaging velocimetry (PIV).

Main Results:

  • Discussion of potentials and pitfalls in current blood flow visualization methods.
  • Recommendations for dedicated imaging protocols for multidirectional flow.
  • Exploration of cardiac fluid mechanics, including flow rotation and vortical structures.

Conclusions:

  • Multidirectional blood flow visualization is key for understanding cardiovascular dynamics.
  • Cardiac MRI, ultrasound Doppler, and PIV are primary imaging modalities.
  • Further research is needed to address clinical applications and technical challenges.