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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

The Efficacy and Underlying Pathway Mechanisms of ShiDuGao Treatment for Anus Eczema Based on GEO Datasets and Network Pharmacology
12:34

The Efficacy and Underlying Pathway Mechanisms of ShiDuGao Treatment for Anus Eczema Based on GEO Datasets and Network Pharmacology

Published on: January 12, 2024

Itch and eczema.

Ulf Darsow, Florian Pfab, Michael Valet

    Chemical Immunology and Allergy
    |March 22, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Eczema causes intense itch due to unknown mediators, with histamine 4 receptor, tryptase, and IL-31 playing roles. Patient itch perception differs, suggesting central nervous system involvement, requiring combined topical and systemic treatments.

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    Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
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    Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

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    Last Updated: May 23, 2026

    The Efficacy and Underlying Pathway Mechanisms of ShiDuGao Treatment for Anus Eczema Based on GEO Datasets and Network Pharmacology
    12:34

    The Efficacy and Underlying Pathway Mechanisms of ShiDuGao Treatment for Anus Eczema Based on GEO Datasets and Network Pharmacology

    Published on: January 12, 2024

    Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
    09:07

    Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

    Published on: June 24, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Immunology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a highly pruritic skin condition.
    • The specific mediators causing eczema itch are largely unidentified.
    • Growing evidence implicates histamine 4 receptor, tryptase, and IL-31 in itch.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the pathophysiology and perception of itch in eczema.
    • To identify key mediators involved in eczema-induced pruritus.
    • To inform comprehensive management strategies for eczema patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent studies on itch pathophysiology in eczema.
    • Analysis of differences in itch perception and kinetics between patients and healthy individuals.
    • Consideration of questionnaire data on affective components of eczema itch.

    Main Results:

    • Histamine 4 receptor identified as significant in itch.
    • Tryptase and IL-31 implicated in atopic eczema itch.
    • Eczema patients exhibit altered itch perception and central nervous system modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Eczema itch involves complex pathophysiology and altered perception.
    • Effective management requires addressing both central and peripheral mechanisms.
    • Combined topical and systemic therapies are essential for clinical pruritus control.