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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...

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EPR Monitored Redox Titration of the Cofactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nar1
06:01

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Published on: November 26, 2014

Corrin ring-induced redox tuning.

Manoj Kumar1, Pawel M Kozlowski

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|March 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expanding the corrin core of vitamin B12 cofactors like methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin lowers their reduction potential. This tuning may influence electron transfer mechanisms in B12-dependent enzymes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Bioinorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 cofactors, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, are crucial in various enzymatic reactions.
  • Their biological activity is closely linked to their redox properties.
  • Understanding the factors that modulate these redox potentials is key to elucidating B12-dependent enzymatic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of corrin macrocycle expansion on the reduction potentials of methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin.
  • To explore the potential implications of this structural modification on the function of B12-dependent enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional calculations were employed to model the electronic structure and redox properties of the B12 cofactors.
  • Specific focus was placed on the N(4) core of the corrin macrocycle and its dimensional changes.

Main Results:

  • Calculations indicate that expanding the N(4) core by 0.06-0.10 Å significantly lowers the reduction potentials of both methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin by 100-150 mV (vs. SCE).
  • This observed redox tuning demonstrates a direct correlation between corrin core size and cofactor electrochemical behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Structural modifications, specifically the expansion of the corrin N(4) core, can effectively tune the redox potentials of vitamin B12 cofactors.
  • This redox tuning provides a potential mechanism for regulating the activity of B12-dependent enzymes through modulation of electron transfer processes.