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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Perspectives on cell reprogramming with RNA.

Jai-Yoon Sul1, Tae Kyung Kim, Jae Hee Lee

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, John Morgan Building, Room 37, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Trends in Biotechnology
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA-mediated cell reprogramming offers a novel method for generating specific cell types like stem cells and neurons. This approach, known as Transcriptome Induced PhenotypeRemodeling (TIPeR), utilizes RNA to directly convert cell phenotypes.

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
11:42

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Published on: November 4, 2019

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
07:53

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

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Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
11:42

Hemogenic Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors

Published on: November 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell reprogramming technologies enable the creation of diverse stem cell lines and differentiated cell types.
  • Both DNA and RNA play crucial roles in mediating cell reprogramming processes.
  • Understanding RNA's role is key to advancing cell engineering and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms and applications of RNA-mediated cell reprogramming.
  • To explore the generation of specific target cells, including stem cells, neurons, and cardiac cells, using RNA.
  • To introduce and discuss Transcriptome Induced PhenotypeRemodeling (TIPeR) as a novel RNA-based cell conversion strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent advances in RNA-mediated cell reprogramming.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating the use of RNA for inducing specific cell phenotypes.
  • Examination of the theoretical underpinnings and practical utility of RNA in cell reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • RNA populations can directly induce cell-to-cell phenotypic conversion, termed TIPeR.
  • RNA-mediated reprogramming is a viable strategy for generating various cell types, including neural and cardiac cells.
  • The review highlights the potential of RNA as a tool for precise cell engineering.

Conclusions:

  • RNA-mediated cell reprogramming, particularly TIPeR, presents a powerful and versatile approach for generating specific cell types.
  • This technology holds significant promise for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery.
  • Further research into RNA's role can unlock new therapeutic avenues and enhance our understanding of cell plasticity.