Superficial fungal infections

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Mycology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Tinea capitis, tinea corporis, and pityriasis versicolor are prevalent superficial fungal infections in children.
• Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophyte infection globally, frequently caused by *T. tonsurans* in North America.
• Clinical presentation, often with lymphadenopathy, aids tinea capitis diagnosis, confirmed by KOH microscopy or fungal culture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnosis and management of common pediatric superficial fungal infections.
• To highlight effective systemic and topical antifungal therapies.
• To discuss strategies for reducing infection transmission.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on pediatric superficial fungal infections.
• Analysis of diagnostic approaches including clinical examination and laboratory methods.
• Evaluation of established and emerging treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

• *Tinea capitis* diagnosis is often clinical, supported by microscopy or culture.
• Systemic antifungals like terbinafine and griseofulvin are primary treatments for pediatric *tinea capitis*.
• Topical antifungals are effective for *tinea corporis* and *pityriasis versicolor*, though recurrences are common for the latter.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of pediatric fungal infections requires accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy.
• Systemic treatment is essential for *tinea capitis*, while topical agents suffice for *tinea corporis* and *pityriasis versicolor*.
• Preventing transmission through adjunctive topical therapy for contacts is crucial.