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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor
12:54

Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor

Published on: September 12, 2013

Establishing operations.

J Michael

    The Behavior Analyst
    |April 6, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Behavior analysis has a gap in understanding motivation. Reintroducing establishing operations (EOs) helps explain how environmental events alter behavior by changing reinforcement effectiveness and response frequency. Understanding EOs is key to analyzing complex behavior.

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    Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository
    07:50

    Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository

    Published on: May 29, 2017

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    Last Updated: May 23, 2026

    Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor
    12:54

    Operation of a Benchtop Bioreactor

    Published on: September 12, 2013

    Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository
    07:50

    Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository

    Published on: May 29, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Behavior Analysis
    • Psychology
    • Operant Conditioning

    Background:

    • Motivation was central to early behavior analysis but declined in literature by the late 1960s.
    • This decline created a gap in understanding operant functional relations.
    • Establishing operations (EOs) are proposed as a concept to fill this gap.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To reintroduce and define the concept of establishing operations.
    • To distinguish between discriminative and motivational variables.
    • To differentiate between unconditioned and conditioned establishing operations.

    Main Methods:

    • Defined establishing operations as environmental events altering reinforcing effectiveness and behavior frequency.
    • Distinguished discriminative variables (reinforcer availability) from motivational variables (reinforcing effectiveness).
    • Categorized EOs into unconditioned (UEOs) and conditioned (CEOs), including reflexive and transitive CEOs.

    Main Results:

    • Establishing operations momentarily alter the reinforcing effectiveness of consequences.
    • EOs affect the frequency of behavior relevant to those consequences.
    • Identified UEOs (e.g., deprivation) and various CEOs (e.g., warning stimuli, transitive stimuli).

    Conclusions:

    • Reintroducing establishing operations addresses a gap in behavior analysis.
    • Understanding EOs, both unlearned and learned, is crucial for analyzing complex human behavior.
    • EOs provide a framework for identifying and controlling multiple determinants of behavior.