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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

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Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Pertussis control: time for something new?

Thomas A Clark1, Nancy E Messonnier, Stephen C Hadler

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. tnc4@cdc.gov

Trends in Microbiology
|April 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Waning immunity from childhood acellular pertussis vaccines may be causing a resurgence in pertussis cases. New prevention strategies are needed to address this public health concern.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Childhood acellular pertussis vaccines were introduced in the U.S. in the 1990s to enhance safety over whole-cell vaccines.
  • Despite improved safety, concerns exist regarding the duration of immunity conferred by acellular pertussis vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of waning immunity from acellular pertussis vaccines in the recent increase of pertussis (whooping cough) cases.
  • To highlight the need for updated pertussis prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature and epidemiological data on pertussis incidence and vaccine effectiveness.
  • Analysis of trends in pertussis cases following the widespread adoption of acellular vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that immunity wanes over time following vaccination with current acellular pertussis vaccines.
  • This waning immunity may contribute to the observed resurgence of pertussis in vaccinated populations.

Conclusions:

  • The findings underscore a potential limitation of current acellular pertussis vaccines regarding long-term protection.
  • There is a critical need to explore and implement novel strategies for pertussis prevention to combat the ongoing disease resurgence.