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Related Concept Videos

Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Tension-Free Weight-Bearing Model of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Rats
05:55

Tension-Free Weight-Bearing Model of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Rats

Published on: September 27, 2024

The optimal back squat load for potential osteogenesis.

William P Ebben1, Luke R Garceau, Bradley J Wurm

  • 1Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport Management, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA. webben70@hotmail.com

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supermaximal loads in back squats (120% of 1 repetition maximum) increase ground reaction forces (GRF), potentially enhancing bone health. Rate of force development (RFD) did not significantly differ across loads.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Osteogenic potential of exercise is linked to training load magnitude.
  • Understanding biomechanical responses to varying loads is crucial for optimizing training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ground reaction force (GRF) and rate of force development (RFD) during eccentric and concentric phases of the back squat.
  • To compare these biomechanical parameters at 80%, 100%, and 120% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM).

Main Methods:

  • Twelve subjects performed back squats on a force platform.
  • Loads were set at 80%, 100%, and 120% of individual 1RM.
  • GRF and RFD were measured during eccentric and concentric phases.

Main Results:

  • Back squats at 120% of 1RM yielded the highest GRF in both eccentric and concentric phases.
  • No significant differences in RFD were observed across the tested loading conditions.
  • Supermaximal loads (120% 1RM) with reduced range of motion produced higher GRF compared to 80% and 100% 1RM.

Conclusions:

  • Supermaximal back squat loads (>1RM) with a decreased range of motion can increase GRF.
  • This training strategy may be beneficial for maximizing the osteogenic potential of resistance exercise programs.