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[Autism spectrum disorders: updates and new definitions].
Maya Amitai1, Miryam Peskin, Doron Gothelf
1Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Israel. maya47@zahav.net.il
Harefuah
|April 24, 2012
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appears more common due to broader diagnoses, not increased incidence. Research suggests genetics and brain changes are key factors, with behavioral therapy and medication as primary treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Developmental Psychology
Context:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses diverse clinical presentations.
- Apparent increases in ASD incidence are attributed to expanded diagnostic criteria.
- Limited understanding of ASD etiology persists despite ongoing research.
Purpose:
- To clarify the current understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology.
- To highlight the role of genetic factors and brain structure in ASD.
- To outline current therapeutic approaches for ASD.
Summary:
- ASD diagnosis is complex, with recent incidence increases linked to wider criteria.
- While etiology remains under investigation, genetic influences and brain alterations are significant.
- Comorbidities with other neurodevelopmental disorders are common in ASD.
- Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, including behavioral interventions and psychotropic medications.
Impact:
- Provides a concise overview of current knowledge on ASD.
- Emphasizes the need for further research into ASD causes.
- Informs clinicians and families about diagnostic and treatment considerations.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
01:27Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
01:29Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
01:26Modeling in Therapy
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Participant Modeling
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01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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