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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Detection of Rare Mutations in CtDNA Using Next Generation Sequencing
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Detection of Rare Mutations in CtDNA Using Next Generation Sequencing

Published on: August 24, 2017

Circulating DNA and next-generation sequencing.

Susanna Cooke1, Peter Campbell

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

Recent Results in Cancer Research. Fortschritte Der Krebsforschung. Progres Dans Les Recherches Sur Le Cancer
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized cancer medicine requires accurate disease burden monitoring. Detecting tumor DNA in blood offers a sensitive way to guide cancer treatment and predict recurrence.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Personalized cancer medicine relies on accurate diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Increasing cancer therapies necessitate sensitive measures of disease burden.
  • Quantifying cancer accurately can personalize treatment intensity, monitor drug response, and predict recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of genomic screening in personalized cancer medicine.
  • To highlight the need for sensitive and specific measures of disease burden.
  • To investigate the potential of detecting cell-free tumor DNA for monitoring solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current approaches in personalized cancer diagnostics.
  • Discussion of the potential applications of accurate disease burden quantification.
  • Exploration of cell-free DNA analysis for tumor-specific rearrangements.

Main Results:

  • Genomic screening is central to personalized cancer medicine.
  • Accurate disease burden monitoring enables tailored therapy intensity and response assessment.
  • Early detection of recurrence through monitoring can facilitate timely salvage therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Detecting tumor-specific DNA rearrangements in serum/plasma could significantly improve disease burden monitoring accuracy in solid tumors.
  • This approach supports personalized therapeutic choices and improved patient outcomes.
  • Cell-free DNA analysis represents a promising advancement in cancer patient management.