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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Pathways for bone loss in inflammatory disease.

Tobias Braun1, Georg Schett

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic inflammation, including autoimmune disease, is a key risk factor for osteoporosis. This review summarizes 2011 data on inflammatory bone loss and its link to cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases are significant risk factors for osteoporosis development.
  • Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) are critical for osteoclast differentiation and function.
  • Proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, linking inflammation to osteoporosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new data on inflammatory bone loss published in 2011.
  • To highlight the role of specific proinflammatory cytokines in bone loss.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bone loss.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published in 2011 focusing on inflammatory bone loss.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis.
  • Examination of the impact of proinflammatory cytokines on bone resorption.

Main Results:

  • Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17 are identified as key proinflammatory cytokines driving inflammatory bone loss.
  • Inhibition of these cytokines shows therapeutic potential, as seen in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
  • The molecular pathways of M-CSF and RANKL in osteoclast differentiation are well-analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation, particularly autoimmune disease, is a critical factor in osteoporosis.
  • Targeting specific proinflammatory cytokines offers a promising therapeutic avenue for inflammatory bone loss.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and develop novel treatments for inflammatory bone loss.