Electromagnetic interference and implanted cardiac devices: the nonmedical environment (part I)

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cardiology
• Electrophysiology

Background:

• Rising prevalence of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) due to aging populations and proven clinical benefits.
• Increasing use of technology emitting electromagnetic signals poses a risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI) to CIEDs.
• Despite manufacturer efforts, adverse events related to EMI in CIED patients still occur.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a contemporary overview of risks associated with EMI interactions with CIEDs.
• To review common nonmedical sources of EMI affecting CIEDs (Part I).
• To review common medical sources of EMI affecting CIEDs (Part II).

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on CIEDs and EMI.
• Analysis of clinical data and case reports concerning EMI events.
• Synthesis of information on electromagnetic signal sources and their impact on CIED function.

Main Results:

• Identification of numerous nonmedical and medical sources capable of generating EMI.
• Documentation of potential adverse events resulting from EMI in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
• Highlighting the ongoing challenge of ensuring CIED safety in an electromagnetically complex environment.

Conclusions:

• Physicians must be informed about potential EMI sources and management strategies for CIED patients.
• Awareness of EMI risks is crucial for preventing adverse events.
• This review serves as a guide for healthcare professionals managing CIED patients exposed to electromagnetic fields.