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Related Concept Videos

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Pancreas01:19

Pancreas

The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
The broad head of the pancreas lies within the loop formed by the duodenum, while its slender body reaches towards the spleen. The tail of the pancreas is short and...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells
10:05

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Published on: September 30, 2018

Pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Ake Andrén-Sandberg1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.

North American Journal of Medical Sciences
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pancreatic endocrine tumours are rare. This review covers the latest reports on these hormone-producing tumours, which can be benign or malignant and may cause specific syndromes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pancreatic endocrine tumours (PETs) originate from hormone-producing islet cells in the pancreas.
  • These rare neoplasms can be functional or non-functional, and benign or malignant.
  • Functional PETs secrete hormones, potentially leading to distinct clinical syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and management of pancreatic endocrine tumours.
  • To synthesize the latest research findings on PETs, covering their etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific reports and clinical studies on pancreatic endocrine tumours.
  • Synthesis and analysis of current data on PET characteristics, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
Endocrine tumorgastrinomasinsulinomaspancreastumor

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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells
10:05

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Published on: September 30, 2018

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Main Results:

  • PETs exhibit diverse clinical behaviors, ranging from indolent to aggressive.
  • Hormone hypersecretion from functional PETs causes specific syndromes like carcinoid syndrome or insulinoma.
  • Advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics are improving early detection and characterization.

Conclusions:

  • Pancreatic endocrine tumours require a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management.
  • Continued research is crucial for improving outcomes for patients with these rare tumours.
  • Early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies are key to managing PETs effectively.