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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Stirring unmagnetized plasma.

C Collins1, N Katz, J Wallace

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. cscollins2@wisc.edu

Physical Review Letters
|May 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated a new method for spinning unmagnetized plasma using magnetic fields and biased cathodes. This technique effectively transfers momentum to create solid-body rotation in the plasma core.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Magnetic Confinement Fusion

Background:

  • Unmagnetized plasma requires novel methods for controlled rotation.
  • Understanding momentum transfer is crucial for plasma confinement and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate a new concept for spinning unmagnetized plasma.
  • To investigate the mechanism of momentum coupling from magnetized edges to an unmagnetized core.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an axisymmetric multicusp magnetic field for plasma confinement.
  • Employing biased cathodes to drive currents and impart torque.
  • Measuring plasma flow and rotation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful spinning of unmagnetized plasma.
  • Observed viscous coupling of momentum from the magnetized edge to the unmagnetized core.
  • Confirmed solid-body rotation of the plasma core.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated method effectively spins unmagnetized plasma.
  • Collisional viscosity plays a key role in overcoming ion-neutral drag for effective momentum transfer.