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Updated: May 22, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
Published on: January 10, 2015
[Tests for evaluating tobacco dependence]
M Underner1, J Le Houezec, J Perriot
1Unité de tabacologie, service de pneumologie, CHU La-Milétrie, Poitiers cedex, France. m.underner@chu-poitiers.fr
Abstract:
The primary reason why there is such a heavy burden of tobacco smoking induced illness and death is dependence on nicotine which makes it difficult for smokers to quit. For clinical or research purposes, the degree of dependence, the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome and/or craving have been evaluated by different scales. This review provides a list of questionnaires that are used in smoking cessation. It pays particular attention to the validated and translated resources that are available in French. Research should be conducted in order to provide French speaking smoking cessation specialists with all the relevant scales allowing better evaluation of tobacco dependence.
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