Hepatitis E virus: what transplant physicians should know

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Transplant Infectious Diseases
• Virology

Background:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is increasingly recognized but underdiagnosed in developed nations.
• Organ transplant recipients are at higher risk for severe HEV outcomes, including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
• Extra-hepatic manifestations of HEV, such as neurological and renal complications, are significant concerns in transplant populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of Hepatitis E virus infection in organ transplant patients.
• To summarize current knowledge on the prevalence, incidence, and clinical course of HEV in this vulnerable group.
• To review therapeutic strategies for managing HEV infection post-transplantation.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of HEV infection in pediatric and adult organ transplant recipients.
• Analysis of data on HEV prevalence, incidence, and natural history.
• Evaluation of reported treatment outcomes and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• HEV infection can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and graft dysfunction in transplant patients.
• Neurological and kidney complications are notable extra-hepatic manifestations.
• Treatment outcomes vary, highlighting the need for optimized therapeutic regimens.

Conclusions:

• HEV infection represents a significant clinical challenge in organ transplant recipients.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent severe outcomes.
• Further research is needed to refine treatment protocols and improve patient prognosis.