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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Overview
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Fusing telomeres with RNF8.

Jacqueline J L Jacobs1

  • 1Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.jacobs@nki.nl

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNF8, a protein involved in DNA repair, also acts at telomeres, potentially causing harmful chromosome fusions and genomic instability. This contrasts with its role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
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Published on: August 30, 2024

Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:01

Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: August 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired through ubiquitylation regulated by RNF8 and RNF168.
  • Defects in DNA repair factors, including RNF8/RNF168, are linked to genomic instability and cancer.
  • RNF8 and RNF168 also function at telomeres, natural chromosome ends lacking proper shielding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of RNF8 at natural chromosome ends.
  • To explore the consequences of RNF8 activity at telomeres.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research findings on RNF8 function.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms governing RNF8 activity at telomeres.
  • Analysis of the implications of telomere-associated RNF8 activity on genome integrity.

Main Results:

  • RNF8 activity at unprotected telomeres can lead to chromosome end-to-end fusions.
  • These fusions threaten genome integrity by causing chromosomal missegregation and breakage-fusion-bridge cycles.
  • This contrasts with RNF8's role in repairing DSBs to maintain genome stability.

Conclusions:

  • RNF8 plays a dual role in genome maintenance, promoting repair at DSBs but potentially causing instability at telomeres.
  • Understanding RNF8's function at telomeres is crucial for comprehending cancer development and genomic instability.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the consequences of RNF8 at natural chromosome ends.