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Lipid compositional changes in calves fed excess iodine.

K J Jenkins1

  • 1Animal Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Journal of Dairy Science
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
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Excess dietary iodine impacts calf lipid metabolism, altering liver and heart lipid composition. Blood plasma is less sensitive than liver and heart for detecting these effects in young calves.

Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Biochemistry
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Dietary iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis.
  • Excess iodine intake can lead to various health issues in livestock.
  • Understanding iodine's impact on lipid metabolism is crucial for calf health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of excess dietary iodine on lipid composition in blood plasma, liver, and heart of calves.
  • To determine if liver and heart lipid profiles are better indicators of excess iodine than blood plasma.

Main Methods:

  • Calves were fed milk replacer with varying iodine concentrations (0.57, 10, or 200 ppm).
  • Lipid composition in blood plasma, liver, and heart was analyzed.
  • Specific lipid classes and fatty acid profiles were quantified.

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Main Results:

  • High iodine intake did not affect plasma total lipids or lipid classes.
  • Iodine supplementation (10 and 200 ppm) altered lipid class concentrations in the liver and heart.
  • Specific increases were observed in liver phosphatidylethanolamine and heart phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and total lipids.
  • Elevated iodine levels also increased certain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma, liver, and heart phospholipids.

Conclusions:

  • Liver and heart lipid profiles are more sensitive indicators of excess dietary iodine than blood plasma in preruminant calves.
  • Excess iodine significantly affects lipid metabolism in vital organs, even if plasma lipids remain unchanged.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring iodine levels in calf diets to prevent adverse metabolic effects.