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Related Concept Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
SDS-PAGE01:27

SDS-PAGE

Gel electrophoresis is a method that separates biological macromolecules like nucleic acids or proteins by forcing them to pass through a gel matrix under an electric field.
A variation of gel electrophoresis, termed  polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), is commonly used for separating proteins according to their molecular size by passing them through a polyacrylamide gel. Because of the varying charges associated with amino acid side chains, PAGE can be used to separate intact proteins...
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
Gel extraction follows five major steps: running gel electrophoresis to separate fragments, isolating the individual bands, extracting DNA from those bands, and removing the dye and salts from the extracted mixture to obtain pure DNA.
In cloning experiments, both the insert and vector DNA...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers
10:10

Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers

Published on: April 26, 2018

Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis.

Jonathan S Minden1

  • 1Mellon Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. minden@cmu.edu

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) offers a sensitive method for comparing protein samples. This technique enhances the statistical assessment of proteome variation by allowing simultaneous analysis on a single gel.

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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers
10:10

Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers

Published on: April 26, 2018

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
12:34

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

Published on: April 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional 2D electrophoresis (2DE) has limitations in direct sample comparison.
  • Simultaneous analysis of multiple protein samples is crucial for accurate differential expression studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a protocol for Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE).
  • To highlight the advantages of 2D DIGE for proteome variation assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Proteins from different samples are labeled with distinct fluorescent dyes.
  • Simultaneous separation and detection of labeled proteins on a single 2D gel.
  • Digital image analysis to quantify fluorescence ratios and identify protein differences.

Main Results:

  • 2D DIGE enables reliable detection of low-abundance proteins (as little as 0.2 fmol).
  • The method can identify protein differences as small as ±15% across a wide concentration range.
  • Improved statistical assessment of proteome variation compared to traditional methods.

Conclusions:

  • 2D DIGE is a robust technique for comparative proteomics.
  • The described protocol facilitates efficient and reliable proteomic analysis.
  • This method enhances the accuracy and sensitivity of differential protein expression studies.