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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Two-dimensional x-ray beam phase sensing.

Sébastien Bérujon1, Eric Ziegler, Roberto Cerbino

  • 1European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP-220, F-38043 Grenoble, France.

Physical Review Letters
|May 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel method using 2D speckle patterns and digital image correlation to quantitatively analyze X-ray wavefronts. This technique offers high accuracy and simple setup for phase contrast imaging applications.

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Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics, Optics, and X-ray Science

Background:

  • * Quantitative analysis of X-ray wavefronts is crucial for advanced imaging.
  • * Partially coherent X-ray beams present unique analytical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce a new, accurate, and simple method for quantitative X-ray wavefront analysis.
  • * To demonstrate the applicability of this method for phase contrast imaging.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilizes two-dimensional (2D) speckle patterns.
  • * Employs digital image correlation (DIC) algorithms.
  • * Features a simple experimental setup with low coherence requirements.

Main Results:

  • * Achieves pixel-size resolution in wavefront analysis.
  • * Demonstrates high accuracy and reduced sensitivity to mechanical vibrations.
  • * Confirms low requirements for transverse and longitudinal coherence.

Conclusions:

  • * The presented technique provides a robust method for quantitative X-ray wavefront analysis.
  • * The method is suitable for phase contrast imaging using a single sample exposure.