Retinoblastoma in the perinatal and neonatal child

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Pediatric Oncology
• Medical Genetics

Background:

• Retinoblastoma is a rare intraocular malignancy.
• Presentation in the neonatal period is uncommon.
• Improved genetic testing enhances screening of unborn children and neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the complexities of treating neonatal retinoblastoma.
• To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary and individualized approach.
• To discuss current treatment strategies, including focal modalities and chemotherapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical guidelines.
• Emphasis on genetic testing and screening protocols.
• Discussion of treatment modalities: focal therapy, chemotherapy (carboplatin, vincristine, etoposide), and avoidance of external beam radiation.

Main Results:

• Neonatal retinoblastoma management is complex.
• Focal therapies are preferred when feasible.
• Systemic chemotherapy may be required, with specific drug regimens recommended.
• External beam radiation should be avoided if possible.

Conclusions:

• Neonatal retinoblastoma necessitates a highly individualized, multidisciplinary approach.
• Specialist centers with diverse expertise are crucial for optimal management.
• Early detection through genetic screening plays a vital role.