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Association between altered thyroid state and insulin resistance.
Kunal B Kapadia1, Parloop A Bhatt, Jigna S Shah
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, India.
Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
|May 26, 2012
Summary
Altered thyroid hormones, both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, are linked to insulin resistance (IR). This study found higher insulin levels and IR in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients compared to euthyroid individuals.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Thyroid Research
Background:
- Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism.
- Imbalances in thyroid function are associated with various metabolic disturbances.
- Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between altered thyroid hormone levels and insulin resistance.
- To compare the degree of insulin resistance in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients versus euthyroid individuals.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving euthyroid (EU), hypothyroid (HO), and hyperthyroid (HR) patients.
- Fasting blood samples were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles.
- Insulin resistance was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index.
Main Results:
- HOMA values and insulin levels were significantly higher in both HR and HO groups compared to the EU group (P < 0.05).
- Patients with hypothyroidism (HO) showed significantly elevated cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to EU and HR groups (P < 0.05).
- HOMA and insulin levels positively correlated with TSH in HO patients and negatively correlated in HR patients.
Conclusions:
- Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with insulin resistance, mediated by mechanisms including altered insulin secretion and lipid profiles.
- The degree of insulin resistance was comparable between hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
- Altered thyroid states can lead to insulin resistance, potentially contributing to glucose-related disorders like diabetes and dyslipidemia.
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