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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

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Published on: August 18, 2015

Racial differences by ischemic stroke subtype: a comprehensive diagnostic approach.

Sarah Song1, Richard E Burgess, Chelsea S Kidwell

  • 1Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, USA.

Stroke Research and Treatment
|May 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial differences in ischemic stroke subtypes were analyzed using advanced MRI. Findings show similar rates of cardioembolic and lacunar strokes between Black and White patients, challenging previous assumptions.

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke
05:32

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research suggested racial disparities in ischemic stroke subtypes.
  • Specifically, Black populations were thought to have more small-vessel and fewer cardioembolic strokes.
  • This study aimed to re-evaluate these differences using advanced neuroimaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial differences in ischemic stroke subtypes.
  • To compare stroke classifications between Black and White patients.
  • To utilize magnetic resonance-imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for comprehensive evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 350 acute ischemic stroke patients.
  • Standardized comprehensive diagnostic evaluations were applied.
  • Ischemic stroke subtypes were classified using three Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) systems.

Main Results:

  • Similar proportions of cardioembolic and lacunar strokes were observed in Black and White cohorts.
  • "Stroke of other etiology" was significantly more common in White patients.
  • Black stroke patients showed a trend towards incomplete evaluations, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including DWI MRI, revealed comparable rates of cardioembolic and lacunar strokes between racial groups.
  • CT-based assessments may underestimate cardioembolic stroke prevalence in Black patients.
  • Further research is needed to understand "stroke of other etiology" disparities and diagnostic evaluation completeness.