Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...

Understanding Memory

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

Working Memory

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Remembering change: Interdependence between change awareness and meaningful connection in achieving proactive facilitation.

Memory & cognition·2024

Same author

Stuck in the past? Rumination-related memory integration.

Behaviour research and therapy·2023

Same author

A meta-analytic examination of attrition in virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2019

Same author

Deterioration rates in Virtual Reality Therapy: An individual patient data level meta-analysis.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2018

Same author

The efficacy of a working memory training in substance use patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2017

Same author

Practicing Emotionally Biased Retrieval Affects Mood and Establishes Biased Recall a Week Later.

Cognitive therapy and research·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Brooding deficits in memory: focusing attention improves subsequent recall.

Paula T Hertel¹, Amanda A Benbow, Elke Geraerts

¹Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA. phertel@trinity.edu

Cognition & Emotion

|June 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals prone to rumination, a pattern of repetitive negative thinking, experience impaired memory recall. However, focusing attention on specific tasks can improve their memory performance.

More Related Videos

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Ruminative thought patterns are linked to depression and cognitive biases.
Understanding the impact of rumination on cognitive functions like memory is crucial for developing interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of rumination on memory recall.
To examine whether attentional focus can mitigate memory deficits associated with rumination.

Main Methods:

Participants (brooders and non-brooders) engaged in an orienting task involving self-focusing phrases and neutral target words.
Two conditions were used: unfocused (target reported before phrase concentration) and focused (target reported after phrase concentration).
An unexpected free and forced recall test assessed memory performance.

Main Results:

A memory recall deficit related to rumination was observed only in the unfocused condition.
Brooders demonstrated improved recall in the focused condition compared to the unfocused condition.
Attentional constraints appeared to correct the memory impairment in brooders.

Conclusions:

Rumination impairs the recall of information unrelated to self-concerns.
Situations that constrain attention can improve memory recall in individuals who ruminate.
Findings suggest potential cognitive strategies for managing rumination-related memory deficits.