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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
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An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development.

Adam G Tabák1, Christian Herder, Wolfgang Rathmann

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. a.tabak@ucl.ac.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prediabetes, a high-risk state for diabetes, affects millions globally. Early intervention through lifestyle changes can significantly reduce diabetes progression risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prediabetes, or intermediate hyperglycaemia, signifies elevated blood glucose levels below diabetic thresholds.
  • It affects a substantial and growing global population, projected to exceed 470 million by 2030.
  • Prediabetes is characterized by underlying insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, preceding detectable glucose changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of prediabetes.
  • To highlight associated health risks and potential risk stratification strategies.
  • To emphasize evidence-based prevention and management approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational evidence linking prediabetes to various complications.
  • Discussion of multifactorial risk scoring for diabetes prediction.
  • Synthesis of data on lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy for prevention.

Main Results:

  • Prediabetes is associated with early nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and macrovascular disease.
  • Multifactorial risk scores can improve diabetes risk estimation in prediabetic individuals.
  • Lifestyle modification offers a 40-70% relative risk reduction for diabetes progression.

Conclusions:

  • Prediabetes is a critical public health concern requiring proactive management.
  • Early detection and intervention, particularly lifestyle changes, are crucial for preventing diabetes.
  • Pharmacotherapy may offer additional benefits in managing prediabetes.