Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Qualitative Analysis01:10

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is the process of identifying elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first and most fundamental type of analysis based on the hierarchy of analytical goals. This hierarchy is significant as it provides a structured approach to scientific research, with qualitative analysis serving as the initial step, providing essential information before moving on to quantitative or other forms of analysis.
There are two main approaches to qualitative analysis:...
Critical Thinking II01:25

Critical Thinking II

Critical thinking is a cognitive process with several attributes. The attributes of critical thinking include the following:
Critical Thinking I01:24

Critical Thinking I

Critical thinking helps decision-making and allows nurses to recognize barriers to success and find solutions to possible issues. It helps to brainstorm and implement ideas to achieve goals. Critical thinking helps acknowledge and state workflow inefficiencies while improving management techniques. Nurses understand the value of critical thinking and look for fellow nurses with critical thinking skills to upgrade their professional standards. Critical thinking can advance a nurse's career with...
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing01:23

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...
SBAR I: Understanding the Concept01:29

SBAR I: Understanding the Concept

Effective communication among healthcare professionals during hand-off reporting is essential to delivering safe and continuous patient care. Common professional interactions include reports to healthcare team members, hand-off, and transfer reports. Nurses routinely report information to other healthcare team members and also urgently contact healthcare providers to report changes in patient status.
Standardized methods of communication have been developed to ensure that information is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Do linguistic stimuli activate experiential colour traces related to the entities they refer to and, if so, under what circumstances?

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2023
Same author

The prosodic accent advantage in phoneme detection: Importance of local context.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2021
Same author

Negative clauses imply affirmative topics and affirmative antecedents.

Journal of psycholinguistic research·2021
Same author

Interpreting Adjuncts: Processing English <i>As-</i>Clauses.

Language and speech·2021
Same author

Preceding syllables are necessary for the accent advantage effect.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2020
Same author

Author Correction: A consensus-based transparency checklist.

Nature human behaviour·2019
Same journal

Sublexical semantic decoding during incidental novel word learning in natural Chinese reading.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Seeing, hearing, and feeling causation.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Separating decision and motor contributions to behavioral biases induced by manipulating stimulus probability.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Congruency drives "conflict adaptation" independent of conflict: Converging evidence from behavior and computational modeling.

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Network analyses identify critical factors for facilitating future-oriented decision-making" [Cogn. Psychol. 165 (2026) 101815].

Cognitive psychology·2026
Same journal

The time course of local coherence effects in German: Evidence from self-paced reading times and event-related potentials.

Cognitive psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Discourse integration guided by the 'question under discussion'.

Charles Clifton1, Lyn Frazier

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. cec@psych.umass.edu

Cognitive Psychology
|June 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discourse coherence is enhanced by Questions under Discussion (QUDs). Studies show that explicit or implicit QUDs guide readers, improving text processing when answers align with queried alternatives.

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
07:14

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
07:14

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Discourse Analysis
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Discourse coherence is crucial for understanding text.
  • The Question under Discussion (QUD) framework proposes that discourse progresses by addressing explicit or implicit questions.
  • QUDs narrow down sets of alternatives or competing world descriptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the online processing effects of explicit and implicit Questions under Discussion (QUDs) on reading comprehension.
  • To determine if QUDs influence how readers structure and interpret discourse.
  • To examine how the type of queried alternatives (propositions vs. entities) affects reading.

Main Methods:

  • Three eye-movement recording studies were conducted.
  • Experiment 1 used explicit QUDs to examine effects of queried alternative types.
  • Experiments 2 and 3 investigated implicit QUDs triggered by non-actuality implicatures.

Main Results:

  • Reading times were faster when answers semantically matched the queried alternatives in explicit QUDs.
  • Disrupted reading occurred when a verb phrase failed to resolve an implicit QUD.
  • Reading was smoother in the absence of a clear implicit QUD.

Conclusions:

  • Questions under Discussion (QUDs) play a significant online role in guiding discourse processing.
  • The findings support the QUD framework's relevance to real-time language comprehension.
  • Both explicit and implicit QUDs actively shape readers' interpretation and structuring of text.