A bilaterally recurring exophytic mass on the lower jaw

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Oncology
• Oral Pathology

Background:

• Brown tumors are rare, focal giant-cell lesions resulting from excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) in hyperparathyroidism (HPT).
• These lesions occur in areas of significant bone resorption, with the defect filled by fibroblastic tissue.
• Commonly affecting the mandible, maxilla, clavicle, ribs, and pelvic bones, necessitating systemic investigation for accurate diagnosis.

Observation:

• A rare case of a brown tumor in the mandible of a 27-year-old woman was observed.
• The patient's condition was secondary to osteomalacia, leading to hyperparathyroidism.
• The mandibular lesion exhibited a tendency for recurrence post-excision.

Findings:

• The study presents a unique case of a mandibular brown tumor associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to osteomalacia.
• Recurrence of the brown tumor was noted despite surgical intervention.
• Resolution of recurrence was achieved only after normalizing parathyroid hormone levels.

Implications:

• This case underscores the critical importance of addressing the underlying cause (HPT) for effective management of brown tumors.
• It highlights the potential for recurrence of brown tumors if parathyroid levels are not normalized.
• Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management are crucial for patients with brown tumors, especially when linked to metabolic bone diseases.