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Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Innovations in PET/CT.

T Levin Klausen¹, S Høgild Keller, O Vinter Olesen

¹Department of Clinical Physiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. tlk@rh.dk

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|June 15, 2012

Summary

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) combines metabolic and anatomical imaging. This review details PET/CT system design, motion correction, and reconstruction for improved image quality.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Radiology
Nuclear Medicine

Background:

Positron emission tomography (PET) lacks structural detail, hindering precise localization of metabolic activity.
Computed tomography (CT) offers excellent anatomical visualization, complementing PET's functional information.
Combining PET and CT (PET/CT) aims to integrate metabolic and anatomical data for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the background and current knowledge of PET/CT system design.
To outline advancements in motion correction techniques for PET/CT scans.
To discuss modern reconstruction approaches for improved PET/CT image quality.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PET/CT system design.
Analysis of challenges in PET/CT, including CT number conversion and artifacts.
Examination of patient motion effects and software-based image fusion complexities.
Discussion of state-of-the-art reconstruction incorporating point spread function (PSF) and time-of-flight (TOF).

Main Results:

PET/CT integration addresses the limitations of standalone PET by providing anatomical context.
Challenges in PET/CT include CT number conversion, high Zeff material artifacts, and patient motion.
Advanced reconstruction techniques, including PSF and TOF, significantly enhance image resolution in modern PET/CT systems.

Conclusions:

PET/CT systems have evolved significantly, offering improved diagnostic capabilities.
Addressing challenges like motion and artifacts is crucial for optimal PET/CT performance.
Incorporating advanced reconstruction methods is key to achieving high-resolution PET/CT imaging.