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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Translating current knowledge into dementia prevention.

Gustavo C Román1, David T Nash, Howard Fillit

  • 1Alzheimer & Dementia Center, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA. GCRoman@tmhs.org

Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing vascular disease risk factors may help prevent common dementias like Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). This approach is crucial for community-dwelling elderly, as most dementia cases involve cerebral vasculature.

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have identified dementia risk factors, many overlapping with those for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • A 2010 NIH conference concluded no validated modifiable factors exist to prevent or alter Alzheimer disease (AD) course.
  • However, common dementias in the elderly, including vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed dementia, primarily involve cerebral vasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for a broader perspective on dementia prevention, focusing on vascular health.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of managing vascular risk factors for dementia prevention in community-dwelling elderly.
  • To challenge the narrow research focus on pure AD by emphasizing the prevalence of VaD and mixed dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials on dementia risk factors.
  • Analysis of autopsy-confirmed dementia cases to understand the prevalence of vascular involvement.
  • Synthesis of findings to inform clinical practice recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant overlap between dementia risk factors and those for heart disease and stroke.
  • Emphasized that the majority of dementia cases in the elderly involve cerebral macro- and microvasculature.
  • Demonstrated that VaD and mixed dementia are common forms of cognitive decline in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical dementia prevention strategies should prioritize the management of vascular disease risk factors.
  • Practicing clinicians can advise patients that managing vascular risk factors benefits both cardiovascular health and dementia prevention.
  • Further research is needed, but current evidence supports a vascular-centric approach to dementia prevention.