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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism02:46

E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

Here, in contrast to the E2 reaction mechanism, we delve into the aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, which has two steps: rate-limiting loss of the leaving group and abstraction of the beta hydrogen by a weak base. Typically, the experimental proof for the E1 mechanism is via kinetic studies or isotope studies. While the former demonstrates the first-order kinetics—the dependence of the reaction solely on substrate concentration—the latter proves the abstraction of hydrogen only in the...
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.

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1-(2,4-Di-nitro-phen-yl)-2-[(E)-2,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene]hydrazine.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2013
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(E)-1-(2,4-Dinitro-phen-yl)-2-[1-(3-nitro-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]hydrazine.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
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(E)-1-(2,4-Dinitro-phen-yl)-2-[1-(3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]hydrazine.

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(E)-1-[1-(3-Chloro-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]-2-(2,4-dinitro-phen-yl)hydrazine.

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(E)-1-(2,4-Dinitro-phen-yl)-2-[1-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]hydrazine.

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(E)-1-(2,4-Dinitro-phen-yl)-2-[1-(2-nitro-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]hydrazine.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

(E)-1-(2,4-Dinitro-phen-yl)-2-[1-(3-fluoro-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]hydrazine.

Suchada Chantrapromma, Boonlerd Nilwanna, Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |June 22, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a fluorinated dinitro-substituted hydrazone derivative. Molecular analysis reveals a nearly planar structure with specific dihedral angles and intermolecular interactions, including pi-pi stacking and C-H...O bonds.

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    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

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    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
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    Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

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    Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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    Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

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    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
    07:12

    Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

    Published on: July 17, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Hydrazone derivatives are important organic compounds with diverse applications.
    • Understanding the solid-state structure of substituted hydrazones is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of a novel C(14)H(11)FN(4)O(4) hydrazone derivative.
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including planarity and dihedral angles between aromatic rings.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, pi-pi stacking, and short contacts was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The molecule exhibits a nearly planar conformation with specific dihedral angles between the benzene rings and the central hydrazone core.
    • Intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding forms an S(6) ring motif.
    • Crystal packing is influenced by weak C-H⋯O interactions, forming sheets, and π-π stacking along the a-axis.
    • A notable C⋯F short contact and disorder in the 3-fluorophenyl group were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The detailed structural analysis provides insights into the solid-state behavior of this fluorinated dinitro-hydrazone derivative.
    • The observed intermolecular interactions and molecular geometry are key factors influencing the compound's crystal packing and potential properties.