Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
Published on: December 24, 2015
The Grisso tests for assessing understanding and appreciation of Miranda warnings with a forensic sample
I Bruce Frumkin1, Stephen J Lally, James E Sexton
1Forensic and Clinical Psychology Associates, P.A., 7241 SW 63rd Avenue, #203-A, South Miami, FL 33143, U.S.A. BFrumkin@aol.com
Abstract:
The Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights, hereafter referred to as the Grisso tests, are widely used and recommended psychological tests designed to help assess ability to understand and appreciate Miranda warnings. This article describes the results of these tests administered to 439 individuals who participated in an evaluation to assess knowing and intelligent waiver of Miranda warnings during police questioning. This study is the first of its kind using a large sample of defendants who were referred for an assessment of capacity to waive Miranda rights. This forensic sample includes both juveniles (176) and adults (263), and the results are quite similar to the original Grisso norms. There are strong correlations between performance on these tests and IQ as well as between performance and age. This sample provides a broader foundation for users of the Grisso tests and answers some of the initial criticism of the instruments.
Related Concept Videos
Eyewitness Memory
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
McNemar's Test
Torts III
Quasi-intentional torts in healthcare involve acts where intent is not directed to harm an individual but results in harm due to careless or reckless speech.
Introduction to the Sign Test
Torts II
Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

