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Cyclic vomiting associated with excessive dopamine in Riley-day syndrome.

Lucy J Norcliffe-Kaufmann1, Felicia B Axelrod, Horacio Kaufmann

  • 1Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Horacio.Kaufmann@nyumc.org

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|June 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent nausea and vomiting in Riley-Day syndrome are linked to increased norepinephrine and dopamine levels during attacks. This suggests dopamine receptor activation may trigger these episodes in affected individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Riley-Day syndrome presents with disabling recurrent nausea, vomiting, hypertension, tachycardia, and flushing.
  • These episodes are often triggered by emotional or other stressors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurochemical changes during recurrent nausea and vomiting attacks in patients with Riley-Day syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate during dysautonomic crises.
  • Measuring plasma catecholamine levels (norepinephrine and dopamine) during attacks and after symptom resolution.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited hypertension and tachycardia during typical attacks.
  • Significant increases in circulating norepinephrine and dopamine levels were observed in all patients during attacks.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest a significant neurochemical alteration during symptomatic episodes.
  • Activation of dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone is proposed as a potential mechanism for the cyclic nausea/retching/vomiting characteristic of Riley-Day syndrome.