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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Infection01:20

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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Microbial Corrosion01:24

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro
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Microparticles and infectious diseases.

X Delabranche1, A Berger, J Boisramé-Helms

  • 1Service de réanimation médicale, nouvel hôpital civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France.

Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses
|July 7, 2012
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Microparticles (MPs) are cell fragments released during cell stimulation. These MPs transmit pro-inflammatory signals and play roles in infectious diseases, coagulation disorders, and host-pathogen interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Membrane shedding via microvesicle (MV) release is a conserved intercellular process.
  • Host MVs include microparticles (MPs) from plasma membrane and exosomes from intracellular membranes.
  • MPs are cell fragments with phosphatidylserine (PhtdSer) and parental cell antigens, implicated in intercellular communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of MPs in physiology and pathophysiology.
  • To highlight MPs as bioactive molecules transmitting pro-inflammatory signals.
  • To explore MP involvement in infectious diseases and related complications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MP release and characteristics.
  • Investigation of MP functions in various disease models.
  • Assessment of MP involvement in host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • MPs transmit pro-inflammatory messages and possess procoagulant potential via PhtdSer and tissue factor (TF).
  • MPs are implicated in coagulation disorders (sepsis, septic shock), vascular tone regulation, and cardiac dysfunction.
  • Pathogens utilize MPs for immune evasion (Chagas disease) and disease amplification (cerebral malaria, HIV).

Conclusions:

  • MPs are critical mediators in intercellular communication, particularly during infectious diseases.
  • MPs contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of sepsis, malaria, HIV, and other infections.
  • Understanding MP roles is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies against these diseases.