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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Fabrication of Anisotropic Polymeric Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Self-assembling CpG DNA nanoparticles for efficient antigen delivery and immunostimulation.

Sakulrat Rattanakiat1, Makiya Nishikawa, Yoshinobu Takakura

  • 1Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|July 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholesterol-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides self-assemble into nanoparticles, enhancing immune responses and antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells for potent, antigen-specific immunity.

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Published on: April 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Unmethylated deoxycytidylyl-deoxyguanosine (CpG) dinucleotides (CpG DNA) activate immune responses via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9).
  • Developing effective antigen delivery systems is crucial for robust immune stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize cholesterol-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (Chol-CpG ODN) and evaluate their self-assembly into nanoparticles.
  • To assess the immunostimulatory activity and antigen-carrying capacity of these nanoparticles for inducing antigen-specific immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of cholesterol-modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (Chol-CpG ODN).
  • Characterization of nanoparticle formation and stability in serum.
  • Assessment of cellular uptake and cytokine production (TNF-α) in macrophage cell lines.
  • Incorporation of ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen into nanoparticles.
  • Evaluation of antigen-specific immune responses (interferon-γ, IgG2a) in vaccinated mice.

Main Results:

  • Chol-CpG ODN spontaneously formed stable nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, with enhanced serum stability.
  • These nanoparticles showed efficient uptake by macrophages and induced significantly higher TNF-α production compared to unmodified CpG ODN.
  • Vaccination with OVA incorporated into Chol-CpG ODN nanoparticles elicited strong antigen-specific immune responses, including high interferon-γ and OVA-specific IgG2a levels.
  • Control nanoparticles (Chol-GpC ODN) did not induce significant immune responses, highlighting the importance of the CpG motif.

Conclusions:

  • Self-assembling nanoparticles of Chol-CpG ODN are effective for inducing potent, antigen-specific immune responses.
  • These nanoparticles possess high immunostimulatory activity, efficient antigen incorporation capabilities, and tropism towards antigen-presenting cells.
  • Cholesterol modification enhances ODN stability and facilitates nanoparticle formation, leading to improved vaccine efficacy.