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Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
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T1 hyperintense disc in alkaptonuria.

Alan A Sag1, Richard Silbergleit, Rick E Olson

  • 1Department of Radiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. alan.sag@beaumont.edu

Spine
|July 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report details a rare instance of alkaptonuria (AKU) manifesting as a T1-hyperintense disc herniation. The study highlights the importance of considering AKU in the differential diagnosis of spinal abnormalities.

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Published on: August 30, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder.
  • It is characterized by the deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, leading to the accumulation of homogentisic acid.
  • This accumulation can cause ochronosis, affecting connective tissues, including intervertebral discs.

Observation:

  • A 46-year-old male presented with progressive back pain.
  • MRI revealed a T1-hyperintense and T2-hypointense disc herniation at L3-L4.
  • Surgical discectomy yielded a blackened disc, confirmed pathologically as nucleus pulposus with alkaptonuric involvement.

Findings:

  • Pathological confirmation of alkaptonuric involvement in the herniated disc.
  • Radiological findings of a T1-hyperintense disc herniation are presented.
  • The study emphasizes the characteristic MRI appearance of affected discs in alkaptonuria.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of alkaptonuria's diverse clinical presentations.
  • It underscores the importance of considering metabolic disorders in spinal imaging differentials.
  • Highlights the value of integrating radiological and pathological findings for accurate diagnosis.