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Updated: May 20, 2026

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Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
Published on: August 2, 2022
Management of brain metastases: surgery, radiation, or both?
Toral R Patel1, Jonathan P S Knisely, Veronica L S Chiang
1Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
|July 17, 2012
Abstract:
A significant number of cancer patients will develop intracranial metastases. In general, treatment of these lesions uses a combination of surgery and radiation. However, over the past several decades the specifics of this treatment paradigm have evolved significantly. This article describes the current standard of care with respect to intracranial metastases, highlighting the latest therapeutic developments.
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