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Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections

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The accessory posterolateral nerve: an immunohistological analysis.

Benjamin S Bleier¹, Rachel Feldman, Peter M Sadow

¹Department of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA. benjamin_bleier@meei.harvard.edu

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy

|July 18, 2012

Summary

Newly identified accessory posterolateral nerves directly innervate nasal mucosa via the palatine bone. These nerves contain both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, offering new therapeutic targets for sinonasal autonomic dysregulation.

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Area of Science:

Anatomy
Neuroscience
Histology

Background:

Recent studies suggest accessory posterolateral nerves form a distinct pathway for nasal mucosa innervation.
These nerves may bypass traditional trigeminal pathways, projecting directly through the palatine bone.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the morphology and composition of accessory posterolateral nerves using immunohistochemistry.
To confirm the presence and type of autonomic fibers within these nerves.

Main Methods:

Surgical sampling of accessory posterolateral nerves from seven patients.
Histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and S-100 protein staining.
Immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyl-transferase (ChAT) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) to identify parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.

Main Results:

All sampled nerves contained neural elements.
Nerves consisted of a single fascicle with an equal distribution of ChAT(+) and DBH(+) fibers.
Two specimens were associated with arteries.

Conclusions:

The study confirms accessory posterolateral nerves as a distinct autonomic pathway innervating the nasal mucosa.
These nerves pass through the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and contain both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.
Understanding this pathway may lead to novel treatments for sinonasal diseases linked to autonomic dysfunction.