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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Complete experimental toolbox for alignment-free quantum communication.

Vincenzo D'Ambrosio1, Eleonora Nagali, Stephen P Walborn

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy.

Nature Communications
|July 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces alignment-free quantum communication using rotationally invariant photon states. This breakthrough simplifies quantum key distribution and entanglement, crucial for future quantum networks.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Quantum communication technologies

Background:

  • Quantum communication leverages quantum mechanics for advanced tasks, vital for fundamental tests and future technologies.
  • Establishing shared reference frames for quantum transmission is resource-intensive, especially for moving or rotating parties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a method for circumventing the need for shared reference frames in quantum communication.
  • To enable alignment-free transmission of quantum information using rotationally invariant states.

Main Methods:

  • Encoding and decoding quantum information in rotationally invariant states of single photons.
  • Developing a comprehensive toolkit for efficient quantum information manipulation in these states.
  • Experimentally demonstrating alignment-free protocols.

Main Results:

  • Feasibility of alignment-free quantum key distribution (QKD).
  • Proof-of-principle demonstrations of alignment-free entanglement distribution.
  • Experimental violation of Bell inequalities without shared reference frames.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scheme significantly reduces overhead in quantum communication setups.
  • This approach is promising for fundamental quantum mechanics tests and satellite-based quantum communication.