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Neurologic aspects of lymphoma and leukemias

Matthew McCoyd, Gregory Gruener

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |July 20, 2012
    PubMed

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    Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

    Disorders of Leukocytes

    Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
    Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
    Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

    Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

    Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
    Homeostatic Imbalances:
    Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
    Parkinson's disease arises from the...
    Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

    Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

    Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
    This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
    Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

    Development of the Lymphatic System

    The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
    The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
    Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

    Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

    While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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    Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

    Secondary Lymphoid Organs

    Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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