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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Generating pluripotent stem cells: differential epigenetic changes during cellular reprogramming.

Stacey C Tobin1, Kitai Kim

  • 1Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, Box #484, New York, NY 10065, United States.

FEBS Letters
|July 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer ethical and histocompatible alternatives for regenerative medicine. However, genetic and epigenetic variations in iPSCs currently limit their clinical applications.

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Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
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Last Updated: May 20, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cellular reprogramming

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells are crucial for tissue replacement therapies.
  • Ethical and histocompatibility issues arise with embryonic and oocyte-derived stem cells.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) address some of these concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the unique characteristics of iPSCs.
  • To explore methods for overcoming iPSC limitations.
  • To enhance the clinical utility of iPSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming somatic cells using ectopic expression of four factors.
  • Analysis of genetic and epigenetic differences in iPSCs.
  • Review of current approaches to improve iPSC differentiation and safety.

Main Results:

  • iPSCs present ethical and histocompatibility advantages over other pluripotent stem cells.
  • Genetic and epigenetic variations in iPSCs impact their differentiation potential and functionality.
  • Ongoing research aims to mitigate these iPSC-specific limitations.

Conclusions:

  • iPSCs hold significant therapeutic promise but require further optimization.
  • Addressing genetic and epigenetic disparities is key to unlocking the full clinical potential of iPSCs.
  • Future research will focus on enhancing iPSC safety, efficacy, and broad applicability in regenerative medicine.