Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: a case report and review

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Genetics
• Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

• Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder.
• It stems from defective β₂ integrin expression on leukocytes, impairing adhesion and chemotaxis.
• LAD-1 patients with residual CD18 expression may have milder forms of the disease.

Observation:

• A 5-year-old boy presented with moderate LAD-1, severe periodontitis, and cellulitis.
• This case highlights the oral health manifestations in pediatric patients with LAD-1.
• Progressive periodontitis can lead to premature loss of primary and permanent teeth.

Findings:

• The patient's condition underscores the link between LAD-1 and severe dental issues.
• Residual CD18 expression in LAD-1 can be associated with significant oral health problems.
• Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for managing LAD-1 complications.

Implications:

• Periodic oral checkups are essential for early detection and management of oral diseases in children with LAD.
• Multidisciplinary collaboration between pediatricians, immunologists, and dentists is vital for optimal patient outcomes.
• Preventing premature tooth loss in LAD patients requires a proactive approach to dental care.