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Updated: May 20, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
Published on: January 7, 2018
Index of glucose effectiveness derived from oral glucose tolerance test
Shoichiro Nagasaka1, Ikuyo Kusaka, Koh Yamashita
1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan.
Abstract:
Aim of this study was to formulate an index for glucose effectiveness (Sg), SgIo, based on 3-point (0, 30 and 120 min) 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The equation for SgI(O) was developed in the Chikuma cohort (n = 502). Firstly, post-loading plasma glucose without insulin action and Sg (PPG-without insulin and Sg) was calculated as follows: fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) + [0.75 × 75,000]/[0.19 × BW(kg) × 10]. Secondly, 'PPG-without insulin/with Sg' was obtained from inverse correlation between log(10)DI(O) and 2-h post-glucose plasma glucose at OGTT (2hPG) in each glucose tolerance category: DI(O) denotes oral disposition index, a product of the Matsuda Index and δIRI(0-30)/δPG(0-30). Thirdly, expected 2hPG (2hPG(E)) of a given subject was obtained from the regression, and the ratio of 2hPG to 2hPG(E) (2hPG/2hPG(E)) was determined as an adjustment factor. Lastly, SgI(O) ([mg/dl]/min) was calculated as [PPG-without insulin and Sg]-[PPG-without insulin / with Sg] x [(2hPG) / 2hPG(E)]. SgI(O) was validated against Sg obtained by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in the Jichi cohort (n = 205). Also, the accuracy of prediction of Sg by SgIo was tested by the Bland-Altman plot. SgI(O) was 3.61 ± 0.73, 3.17 ± 0.74 and 2.15 ± 0.60 in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), non-diabetic hyperglycemia and diabetes, respectively, in the Chikuma cohort. In the Jichi cohort, SgI(O) was significantly correlated with Sg in the entire group (r = 0.322, P < 0.001) and in subjects with NGT (r = 0.286, P < 0.001), and SgIo accurately predicted Sg. In conclusion, SgI(O) could be a simple, quantitative index for Sg.
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