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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Differential working memory correlates for implicit sequence performance in young and older adults.

Jin Bo1, S Jennett, R D Seidler

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 401 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2214, USA. jbo@emich.edu

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|July 28, 2012
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Summary

Older adults (OA) show reduced working memory but maintain implicit motor learning. Unlike young adults (YA), OA rely more on verbal working memory (VWM) than visuospatial working memory (VSWM) for sequence learning performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research
  • Motor Learning

Background:

  • Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and verbal working memory (VWM) are crucial for cognitive functions, yet their roles in motor sequence learning across the lifespan are not fully understood.
  • Aging significantly impacts cognitive abilities, including working memory, prompting investigation into how older adults (OA) compensate during complex tasks.
  • Previous research in young adults (YA) linked VSWM to explicit and implicit motor sequence learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the relationship between working memory (VSWM and VWM) and implicit motor sequence learning performance.
  • To determine if older adults (OA) utilize different working memory resources compared to young adults (YA) for implicit sequence learning.
  • To explore the correlation between VSWM, VWM, and performance changes in the serial reaction time (SRT) task across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (OA and YA) completed computerized working memory tasks (change detection) and an implicit serial reaction time (SRT) task.
  • Neuropsychological tests were administered to assess cognitive function.
  • Performance changes in the SRT task were analyzed using exponential fits, and correlations with VSWM and VWM scores were examined.

Main Results:

  • Older adults (OA) demonstrated reduced VSWM and VWM compared to young adults (YA), but both groups performed similarly on the implicit SRT task.
  • In YA, VSWM and VWM were correlated; however, this correlation was absent in OA.
  • While YA's SRT performance change correlated with both VSWM and VWM, OA's performance change was only correlated with VWM, not VSWM.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults (OA) exhibit a differential reliance on working memory for implicit motor sequence learning compared to young adults (YA).
  • OA may leverage verbal working memory (VWM) more heavily to maintain performance in complex sequences, potentially compensating for age-related declines in visuospatial working memory (VSWM).
  • These findings highlight adaptive cognitive strategies employed by older adults during motor learning tasks.