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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The aging brain experiences significant thalamic volume loss and microstructural changes.
  • These alterations in thalamo-cortical connectivity are hypothesized to contribute to age-related cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess age-related changes in thalamic shape, volume, and diffusivity.
  • To investigate if age-related thalamic changes disproportionately affect nuclei connected to the frontal cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used on 86 healthy volunteers (median age 44).
  • The thalamus was segmented based on cortical connectivity (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital).
  • Linear regression analyzed age-related changes in thalamic volume, diffusivity, and projection volumes; shape analysis was also performed.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in whole thalamus volume and increased mean diffusivity (MD) were observed with age.
  • The volume of thalamo-frontal projections significantly decreased with age, unlike projections to other cortical regions.
  • Anterior thalamic shape changes were most pronounced, correlating with executive function scores.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related atrophy of the frontal thalamo-cortical unit is evident.
  • This atrophy may underlie age-associated deficits in attention, working memory, and executive functions.