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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Related Experiment Videos

High-risk geriatric protocol: improving mortality in the elderly.

Eric Bradburn1, Frederick B Rogers, Margaret Krasne

  • 1Department of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17602, USA.

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
|August 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The high-risk geriatric protocol (GP) significantly reduced mortality in injured elderly patients by identifying those with occult shock. This approach improves outcomes for this vulnerable population.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Injured geriatric patients present unique challenges due to altered shock responses.
  • A high-risk geriatric protocol (GP) was developed to identify and manage these patients.
  • The study hypothesized that the GP would improve outcomes in high-risk geriatric trauma patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a high-risk geriatric protocol (GP) in improving outcomes for injured elderly patients.
  • To identify factors predictive of mortality in geriatric trauma patients.
  • To assess the impact of prompt identification of occult shock and multidisciplinary care.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 3,902 patients aged 65+ from 2000-2010.
  • Comparison of patients managed with the GP versus those without.
  • The GP involved geriatric consultation, lactate levels, arterial blood gas, and echocardiography to detect occult shock.

Main Results:

  • Patients managed with the GP had significantly lower mortality (OR, 0.63; P=0.046).
  • Mortality dramatically increased in patients over 75 years old.
  • Multivariate analysis identified factors predictive of mortality.

Conclusions:

  • The geriatric protocol (GP) significantly reduced mortality in the studied patient population.
  • The GP's effectiveness is attributed to early identification of occult shock and comprehensive geriatric care.
  • The findings confirm the overall effectiveness of the developed GP for aged trauma patients.