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Related Concept Videos

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies01:30

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Apparent life-threatening events: an update.

Linda Y Fu1, Rachel Y Moon

  • 1Division of General Pediatrics and Community Health, Goldberg Center for Community Pediatric Health, Children's National Medical Center; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.

Pediatrics in Review
|August 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) are commonly caused by reflux, infection, or seizure. Initial diagnosis involves extensive lab work, with hospitalization for monitoring, especially for newborns at higher risk of ALTE and SIDS.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) are a significant concern in infant healthcare, often leading to parental distress and extensive medical evaluations.
  • Identifying the underlying causes of ALTEs is crucial for appropriate management and prevention of adverse outcomes, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the evidence-based diagnostic approach for infants experiencing ALTEs.
  • To provide recommendations for hospitalization and monitoring protocols following an ALTE.
  • To highlight risk factors, such as the neonatal period and maternal smoking, associated with ALTEs and SIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of strong research evidence to identify common causes of ALTEs.
  • Definition of a minimum initial diagnostic panel for ALTE evaluation.
  • Recommendations for hospitalization duration and monitoring based on clinical presentation and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux, lower respiratory tract infection, and seizure are identified as the most frequent causes of ALTEs.
  • A comprehensive initial diagnostic panel is recommended, including blood tests, urinalysis, toxicology screen, ECG, and specific pathogen testing.
  • Hospitalization for cardiorespiratory monitoring for at least 23 hours is advised for most infants post-ALTE.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnostic workup for ALTEs should be guided by clinical suspicion and a standardized initial panel.
  • Newborns require heightened monitoring due to their increased risk of ALTE and SIDS in the early postpartum period.
  • Maternal smoking is a potential risk factor for SIDS following an ALTE, underscoring the importance of smoking cessation counseling.