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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

Published on: September 7, 2018

Microfluidic laminate-based phantom for diffusion tensor-magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI).

R Samuel¹, H J Sant, F Jiao

¹State of Utah Center of Excellence for Biomedical Microfluidics, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Dr., Rm. 2110, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering : Structures, Devices, and Systems

|August 7, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers fabricated a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom using stacked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers. This advanced phantom enables calibration and optimization of MRI instrumentation by detecting water molecule diffusion.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Medical Imaging

Background:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requires precise calibration for accurate diagnostics.
Developing phantoms with controlled microstructures is crucial for MRI instrument development.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) offers versatile properties for microfabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the fabrication of a novel MRI phantom using stacked thin PDMS layers.
To address challenges in assembling a large number of thin PDMS laminates.
To demonstrate the utility of the fabricated phantom for MRI calibration and optimization.

Main Methods:

Utilized photolithography and spin coating to create thin PDMS layers on SU-8 molds.
Developed techniques for assembling multiple thin PDMS layers into a monolithic structure.
Characterized the phantom's microchannels using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

Successfully fabricated a phantom with 30 stacked PDMS layers, each 10 µm thick.
Created phantoms with precisely defined curved and straight microchannels (5 µm x 5 µm).
SEM confirmed open microchannels and a seamless interface between PDMS layers.
Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI) detected anisotropic water diffusion, validating phantom functionality.

Conclusions:

The developed fabrication and assembly method enables the creation of complex, multi-layered PDMS phantoms.
The fabricated phantom accurately mimics restricted diffusion environments, suitable for MRI calibration.
This work advances the development of specialized phantoms for optimizing MRI instrumentation and imaging protocols.