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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Non-plasma Bonding of PDMS for Inexpensive Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices
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On-ratio PDMS bonding for multilayer microfluidic device fabrication.

Andre Lai1, Nicolas Altemose1, Jonathan A White1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America.

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering : Structures, Devices, and Systems
|December 6, 2024
PubMed
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This study introduces "on-ratio" bonding for fabricating microfluidic elastomeric valves using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This method offers an effective alternative to conventional "off-ratio" bonding, improving material properties and reducing waste.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microfluidics Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Integrated elastomeric valves, or Quake valves, are crucial for fluid control in microfluidic devices.
  • Fabrication relies on bonding polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers, often using an 'off-ratio' method (e.g., 20:1 and 5:1 base-to-crosslinker ratios).
  • Off-ratio bonding, while effective, can negatively impact PDMS material properties and lead to material waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of 'on-ratio' PDMS bonding for multilayer soft lithography.
  • To demonstrate an alternative bonding technique that potentially mitigates issues associated with off-ratio bonding.
  • To validate the on-ratio bonding method across different PDMS variants.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing 'on-ratio' PDMS bonding, utilizing a consistent 10:1 base-to-crosslinker ratio for all bonded layers.
Keywords:
PDMS bondinglab-on-chipmicrofabricationmicrofluidic valvessoft lithographyμTAS

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  • Applying this method to multilayer soft lithography for fabricating integrated elastomeric valves.
  • Testing the bonding effectiveness on common PDMS formulations: Sylgard 184, RTV 615, and Sylgard 182.

    • Main Results:

    • On-ratio PDMS bonding proves effective for multilayer soft lithography.
    • The technique demonstrates successful bonding across Sylgard 184, RTV 615, and Sylgard 182 PDMS variants.
    • This method provides a viable alternative to conventional off-ratio bonding.

    Conclusions:

    • On-ratio bonding is a practical and effective technique for fabricating microfluidic devices with integrated elastomeric valves.
    • This approach offers advantages over traditional off-ratio bonding, potentially improving material quality and reducing waste.
    • The findings support the broader applicability of on-ratio bonding in soft lithography using various PDMS materials.