[Postnatal neurogenesis and regenerative capabilities of the central nervous system (review)]

Postnatal neurogenesis and regeneration opportunities of experimentally damaged areas of the cerebral cortex in various mammalian species were studied by the use of light and electron microscopy, autoradiography and transplantation. Back in the 70s of the 20th century by I. Mepisashvili and her school, it has been found that at the early stages of postnatal development of animals in the matrix area of the dorsolateral wall of the lateral ventricles there is a certain reserve of indifferent cells, which, like the embryonic period, by means of proliferation, migration and subsequent differentiation of their derivatives replenish the structure of the cortex with new glial and nerve cells and appear to be the major source of reparative regeneration of the CNS. The definite regularity in the rate of matrix cells implementation in the animals that occupy different levels of phylogenetic level (mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, dog) was established. It was found that in the immature-born animals (rabbit) the reserve of indifferent cells is maintained longer and their postnatal implementation takes place in a more extended period as compared to mature-born animals (guinea pig). The rates of the matrix cells implementation are in direct proportion to the functional load of the cerebral cortex. It has been demonstrated that these cells serve as the main source of regeneration of cortical lesions in the early postnatal period, while the defined biostimulants promote the intensification of this process. As a result of transplantation of the matrix of embryonic and early postembryonic cells in the experimentally damaged cortex of adult rats the quite successful restoration of the structure, characteristic of the relevant department of the cerebral cortex was observed.