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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves the...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Exhaled nitric oxide.

Lora Stewart1, Rohit K Katial

  • 1Allergy & Asthma Care and Prevention Center, Lone Tree, CO 80204, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key biomarker for respiratory illness. Measuring fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) can help diagnose and manage asthma by indicating airway inflammation and treatment response.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as a significant biomarker in respiratory diseases.
  • Elevated fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is observed in asthma patients compared to healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological functions of NO in respiratory diseases.
  • To explore the utility of NO and FENO as diagnostic and management tools for asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on the role of nitric oxide in respiratory pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of studies correlating FENO levels with asthma severity and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • FENO levels are elevated in asthma and correlate with airway inflammation.
  • FENO levels decrease with effective glucocorticoid therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide, particularly FENO, shows promise as a diagnostic biomarker for asthma.
  • FENO can serve as a valuable tool for monitoring treatment efficacy and managing asthma symptoms.